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Volume 1, Issue 1 (2020)

⇒ Volume Number: 01
⇒ Issue Number: 01
⇒ Available Online: June 30, 2020
⇒ Volume Editor: Prof. Dr. Bulent Acma, Anadolu University, Turkey
⇒ Issue Editor: Mr. Mohamed Abdirehman Hassan, Tearfund Deutschland e.V, Somalia
⇒ Language and Proofreading Editor: Prof. Emil Chuck, George Mason University, USA
⇒ Copyeditor: Ms. Barnes K. and Ms. Sarah A., Research and Education Promotion Association (REPA), Japan
⇒ Administrator: Ms. Michell Ann., Research and Education Promotion Association (REPA), Japan

 Journal Article (Special Issue)     Open Access      Published   
Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan: A case study of Kabul city 
Khan AB.
Journal of Business and Management Revolution, 2020, 1 (1): 1-9  DOI 10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01

Abstract
PDF
Citation
Authors
References
Acknowledgment
Abstract

Having been a war zone for the last four decades, Afghanistan is one of the developing countries where affordable access to quality education is still a dream for many of its people. According to the 2017 UNICEF Annual Report, over 40% (3.7 million) of school-age children were out of school in Afghanistan. In order to better design projects and programs that are working towards reducing this number, it is necessary first to understand the root causes of the issue. The objective of this research is to assess and analyze some of the various social and economic barriers that keep children out of school in Kabul City and hence, offer additional key information and recommendations for limiting this critical issue. Primary data of 300 children were collected through a survey conducted randomly in Kabul City. The target population of this survey were working children (between the ages of 5 and 18) and parents from households of different ethnic, linguistic, and regional backgrounds. Poverty and cultural limitations were found to be the most common factors preventing Afghan children from going to school. Other factors like access, physical disability, guardian’s type and education level, lack of infrastructure, child labor, and gender discrimination may also contribute to this issue. Results of the analysis suggest that government agencies can play a significant role in facilitating affordable access to quality education for all children by extending coverage of public schools, offering reasonable financial grants for poor families in order to avoid the need for child labor, and bringing necessary legal reforms in the traditional norms to discourage child marriage and gender discrimination.

Citation

REPA

Khan AB (2020) “Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan:  A case study of Kabul city” Journal of Management and Business Revolution (vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9) https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01

 

APA

Khan, A. B. (2020). Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan: A case study of Kabul city. Journal of Business and Management Revolution, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01

 

MLA

Khan, Abdul Baseer. “Socio-Economic Barriers to Children’s Education in Afghanistan:  A Case Study of Kabul City.” Journal of Business and Management Revolution, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1–9. Zotero, doi:10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01.

 

Vancouver

Khan AB. Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan:  A case study of Kabul city. J Bus Manage Rev. 2020;1(1):1–9.

 

Chicago

Khan, Abdul Baseer. 2020. “Socio-Economic Barriers to Children’s Education in Afghanistan:  A Case Study of Kabul City.” Journal of Business and Management Revolution 1 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01.

 

Elsevier

Khan, A.B., 2020. Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan:  A case study of Kabul city. J. Bus. Manage. Rev. 1, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01

 

IEEE

  1. B. Khan, “Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan:  A case study of Kabul city,” J. Bus. Manage. Rev., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2020, doi: 10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01.

 

Springer

Khan, A.B.: Socio-economic barriers to children’s education in Afghanistan:  A case study of Kabul city. J. Bus. Manage. Rev. 1, 1–9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.01.

Authors

Abdul Baseer Khan
Department of Business, Faculty of Business Administration, American University of Afghanistan (AUAF), Kabul, Afghanistan

References
  1. All in school and learning: Global Initiative on out-of-school children – Afghanistan country study (2018) Afghanistan country study Kabul, Afghanistan, Ministry of Education, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (unicef). (https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/afg-report-oocs2018.pdf) Accessed: 1 November 2019

  2. Central Statistics Organization (CSO) - Afghanistan (2018) “Afghanistan living conditions survey (2016-2017)” Analysis report Kabul, Afghanistan, Central Statistics Organization (CSO) of Afghanistan. (https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/documents/reports/2018-07/AfghanistanALCS2016-17Analysisreport.pdf) Accessed: 1 November 2019

  3. Auturupane H, Gunatilake R, Shojo M, Ebenezer R (2013) “Education attainment in Afghanistan: An economic analysis” Discussion Paper Series Washington DC., USA, The World Bank. (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16285) Accessed: 1 November 2019

  4. Lin T, Lv H (2017) “The effects of family income on children’s education: An empirical analysis of CHNS data” Proceeding on the 4th International Conference on Information Technology and Career Education Asian Academic Press - pp. 49–54. https://doi.org/10.24104/rmhe/2017.04.02002

  5. Hunte P (2006) “Looking beyond the school walls: Household decision-making and school enrolment in Afghanistan” Briefing Paper Kabul, Afghanistan, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). (https://areu.org.af/publication/607/) Accessed: 1 November 2019

  6. Guimbert S, Miwa K, Thanh Nguyen D (2008) “Back to school in Afghanistan: Determinants of school enrollment” International Journal of Educational Development (vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 419–434) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2007.11.004

  7. Shayan Z (2015) “Gender Inequality in Education in Afghanistan: Access and Barriers” Open Journal of Philosophy (vol. 05, no. 05, pp. 277–284) https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2015.55035

  8. From access to equality: empowering girls and women through literacy and secondary education (2012) Paris, France, United Nations Education, Science and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000218450) Accessed: 1 November 2019

  9. Pherali T, Sahar A (2018) “Learning in the chaos: A political economy analysis of education in Afghanistan” Research in Comparative and International Education (vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 239–258) https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499918781882

  10. Berry J de, Fazili A, Farhad S, Nasiry F, Hashemi S, et al. (2003) “The children of Kabul: Discussions with Afghan families” Kabul, Afghanistan, Save the Children Federation, Inc. (https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/2601/pdf/2601.pdf) Accessed: 1 November 2019

Acknowledgment

The author(s) has received no specific funding for this article/publication.

 Journal Article (Special Issue)     Open Access      Published   
Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan 
Azimi MN.
Journal of Business and Management Revolution, 2020, 1 (1): 10-13  DOI 10.37357/1068/jbmr.1.1.02

Abstract
PDF
Citation
Authors
References
Acknowledgment
Abstract

Reducing poverty is a critical topic of policy discussion across the world. Developing countries and post-conflict environments commonly face poverty growth. At present, Afghanistan is experiencing the highest rate of poverty in the world; only one tenth of the Afghan population has access to financial services that are mostly localized within the capital and regional cities. In this paper I hypothesize financial inclusion as a contextualized model that can significantly reduce the rate of poverty. I use a set of timeseries data on financial inclusion determinants excluding insurance as the explanatory variables and linearly regress them on the rate of poverty from 2004 to 2018. The statistical results reveal that ATMs per 100,000 adults in the country significantly reduce poverty by 0.25% by increasing capital mobility and remittances. Credit cards and borrowing facilities to the informal economy have significant coefficients of 0.00635% and 0.0207% respectively on poverty reduction as an emergent strategy. The security variable has a significant coefficient of 41% reduction of poverty. Among all other variables tested, extending mobile money facilities is also significant and reduces poverty by 0.015%.

Citation

REPA

Azimi MN (2020) “Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan” Journal of Management and Business Revolution (vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–13) https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02

 

APA

Azimi, M. N. (2020). Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan. Journal of Business and Management Revolution, 1(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02

 

MLA

Azimi, Mohammad Naim. “Hypothesizing Resurgence of Financial Inclusion to Reduce Poverty in Afghanistan.” Journal of Business and Management Revolution, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020, pp. 10–13, doi:10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02.

 

Vancouver

Azimi MN. Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan. J Bus Manage Rev. 2020;1(1):10–3.

 

Chicago

Azimi, Mohammad Naim. 2020. “Hypothesizing Resurgence of Financial Inclusion to Reduce Poverty in Afghanistan.” Journal of Business and Management Revolution 1 (1): 10–13. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02.

 

Elsevier

Azimi, M.N., 2020. Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan. J. Bus. Manage. Rev. 1, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02

 

IEEE

  1. N. Azimi, “Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan,” J. Bus. Manage. Rev., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–13, 2020, doi: 10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02.

 

Springer

Azimi, M.N.: Hypothesizing resurgence of financial inclusion to reduce poverty in Afghanistan. J. Bus. Manage. Rev. 1, 10–13 (2020). https://doi.org/10.37357/1068/jmbr.1.1.02.

Authors

Mohammad Naim Azimi
Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Economics, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan

References
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  2. Chibba M (2009) “Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the millennium development goals” European Journal of Development Research (vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 213–230) https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2008.17

  3. Kapoor A (2014) “Financial inclusion and the future of the Indian economy” Futures (vol. 56, pp. 35–42) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2013.10.007

  4. Morgan P, Pontines V (2014) “Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion”

  5. Donovan K (2012) “Mobile Money for Financial Inclusion” Information and Communications for Development, World Bank Group (pp. 61–73) https://doi.org/10.1596/9780821389911_ch04

  6. Finance M of (2018) “National Financial Inclusion Strategy”

  7. Ghosh J (2013) “Microfinance and the challenge of financial inclusion for development” Cambridge Journal of Economics (vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1203–1219) https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bet042

  8. Mader P (2018) “Contesting Financial Inclusion” Development and Change (vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 461–483) https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12368

  9. Zins A, Weill L (2016) “The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa” Review of Development Finance (vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 46–57) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2016.05.001

  10. Fungáčová Z, Weill L (2014) “Understanding financial inclusion in China” China Economic Review (vol. 34, pp. 196–206) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.004

  11. Demirguc-kunt, A., and Klapper L (2012) “Measuring financial inclusion. The Global findex database” p. ISBN: 978-0-8213-9509-7

  12. Breusch TS, Pagan AR (1979) “A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation” Econometrica (vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1287–1294) https://doi.org/10.2307/1911963

  13. Jarque CM, Bera AK (1980) “Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals” Economics Letters (vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 255–259) https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(80)90024-5

  14. Collier P (2007) “Poverty reduction in Africa” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America pp. 16763–16768. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611702104

  15. Allen F, Carletti E, Cull R, Qian JQJ, Senbet L, et al. (2014) “The African financial development and financial inclusion gaps” Journal of African Economies (vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 614–642) https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/eju015

  16. Soederberg S (2013) “Universalising Financial Inclusion and the Securitisation of Development” Third World Quarterly (vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 593–612) https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.786285

  17. Beck T, Senbet L, Simbanegavi W (2015) “Financial Inclusion and Innovation in Africa: An Overview” Journal of African Economies (vol. 24, no. 1, pp. i3–i11) https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/eju031

Acknowledgment

The author(s) has received no specific funding for this article/publication.